νικάω

νῑκάω, [dialect] Ion. [full] νικέω Democr.249, Herod.1.51, also GDI1413.16 (Aetol.), SIG265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in Apoc.2.7; [dialect] Aeol. [full] νίκημι Theoc.7.40, AP7.743 (Antip.); also in [tense] impf. νίκη cj. in Pi.N.5.5, cf. Theoc.6.46: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. [ per.] 1pl.

A

νικάσκομεν Od.11.512

: [tense] fut. -ήσω, later

-ήσομαι Hierocl.Facet.205

; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 2sg. νικαξῇ v.l. in Theoc.21.32: [tense] pf. νενίκηκα, etc.: ([etym.] νίκη):

I abs., conquer, prevail in battle, in the games, or in any contest, Il.3.439, etc.; ὁ νικήσας the conqueror, ib. 138, X.Smp.5.9, etc.; ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.23.656,663; ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: [tense] pres.freq. in sense, to be (or be proclaimed) conqueror, Pi.O.9.112, 13.30, cf. X.Cyr.8.2.27, An.2.1.1; νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς or ἑνὶ κριτῇ in their opinion, Ar.Av.445, 447; πολὺ ν. win a decisive victory, Th.7.34, etc.;

τὰ πάντα ν. X.An.

l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, πυγμῇ in boxing, Il.23.669;

ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.7.10

.β';

ἵππῳ Id.6.122

;

μάχῃ E.Ph.1143

, etc.;

ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει Pl.Ap.36d

;

λαμπάδι And.4.42

, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν., E.Alc.1029, 1031;

τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. Pl.Phdr.256b

;

ἅρμα ν. Pi.I.4(3).25

;

παγκράτιον Th.5.49

; ναυμαχίαν, μάχας, Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Olympian games, Th.1.126;

τὠλύμπια Timocl.8.17

;

τὰ Παναθήναια Pl.Ion530b

;

ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33

(also

ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν Pl.Ap.36d

;

ἐν Πυθίοισι Pi.N.2.9

): c. dat. et acc.,

τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. D.59.33

; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ., Plu.2.811d; Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν. conquer in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. c. gen.,

Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα IG2.1291

, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., νίκην ν. win a victory, E.Supp.1060, Pl.R.465d, etc. (cf. infr. 11); also ν. τρίποδα win it, Simon.147.

2 prevail, be superior, μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ, Il.18.252;

δόλοισι Od.3.121

; κάλλει ἐνίκα (sc. κρητήρ) Il.23.742;

πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς Pl.Lg.964c

: c. part.,

εὐεργετῶν ν. X.Ages.9.7

.

3 of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν the evil counsel prevailed, Od. 10.46;

τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il.1.576

, Od.18.404;

ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη Hdt.5.36

, cf. Th.2.12, etc.;

ἡ νικῶσα βουλή E.Med.912

; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, X.An.6.1.18, 6.2.12;

ταῦτ' ἐνίκα S.Ant.274

;

νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος

is carried,

Pl.Lg.801a

;

σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ SIG265.4

(Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators,

νικᾷ . . ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων E.Or.944

;

ν. γνώμῃσι Hdt.3.82

(so γνώμῃ, v.l. γνώμην, Id.1.61, cf.Ar.V.594): freq. impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not . . , Hdt.6.101;

τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν S.Ant.233

, etc.; ἐνίκησε . . λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι it was the prevailing opinion that . . , Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν it is preferable . . , Pl.Plt.303b.

4 c. inf., succeed in . . ,

ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι Psalm.Solom.4.13

.

5 as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην win one's cause, E.El.955, cf. Ar.V.581; simply

νικᾶν GDI5011.11

([place name] Gortyn), Arist.Ath.42.1, Rh.Al.1433a6, PHal.1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.;

νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε Ep.Rom.3.4

:—[voice] Pass., c. gen.,

αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων Schwyzer 177.9

(Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.

II c. acc., conquer, vanquish,

Ἕκτορα Il.7.192

, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi,

μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς 16.79

;

ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 2.370

;

πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410

;

κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν 9.130

; πάντα ν. ἄνδρα . . κακοῖσιν surpass him in miseries, E.Hec.659;

ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι Pl.Smp.213e

, etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον excels the whole account, S.OC1224 (lyr.);

νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν Ep.Rom.12.21

: c. acc. cogn.,

μάχην ν. τινά Isoc. 8.58

, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη X.HG4.5.2

: c. part.,

ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Id.An.1.9.11

, etc.

b as law-term (cf. 1.5),

νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα Od.11.545

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ Leg.Gort.1.23

, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., recover, ib.1.28, al.:—[voice] Pass., to be assigned, adjudicated, ib.1.55.

2 generally, overpower, esp. of passions, etc.,

νόον νίκησε νεοίη Il.23.604

;

μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας A.Eu.88

, cf. 133;

[φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος Democr.176

; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye win prevailing over me, S.OC1204: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε . . νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν let not violence prevail on thee to . . , Id.Aj.1334: with gen. of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ weighs with me more than enmity, from the compar. force in νικᾷ, ib.1357 codd.

3 [voice] Pass., to be vanquished, Hom. only in part. νικηθείς (v. supr. 1.1); νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν, A.Ag.291, 342;

ἡδονῇ S.El.1272

;

συμφορᾷ E.Med.1195

; also

ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ Th.2.51

;

πρὸς ἱμέρου S.Fr.932.4

, etc.: sts. c. gen.,

ἱμέρου νικώμενος A.Supp.1005

;

αὐτῆς <τε> τῆς δίκης . . αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι Antipho 5.87

: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with gen. of comparison, to be inferior, yield to, S.Aj.1353, E.Med.315, Cyc.454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι the doors give way to the guests, Pi.N.9.2;

ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ Ar.Nu.1087

.